What is the difference between RAM and ROM?

RAM, which stands for random access memory, and ROM, which stands for read-only memory, are both present in your computer. 

RAM is volatile memory that temporarily stores the files you are working on. ROM is non-volatile memory that permanently stores instructions for your computer.

RAM is volatile memory, which means that the information temporarily stored in the module is erased when you restart or shut down your computer. Because the information is stored electrically on transistors, when there is no electric current, the data disappears. Each time you request a file or information, it is retrieved either from the computer's storage disk or the internet. The data is stored in RAM, so each time you switch from one program or page to another, the information is instantly available. When the computer is shut down, the memory is cleared until the process begins again. Volatile memory can be changed, upgraded, or expanded easily by users. Find out if your computer needs more memory or learn more about RAM.

ROM stands for non-volatile memory in computers., which means the information is permanently stored on the chip. The memory does not depend on an electric current to save data, instead, data is written to individual cells using binary code. Non-volatile memory is used for parts of the computer that do not change, such as the initial boot-up portion of the software, or the firmware instructions that make your printer run. Turning off the computer does not have any effect on ROM. Non-volatile memory cannot be changed by users.

There are several types of Read-Only Memory (ROM), each with distinct characteristics and uses:

• Can be programmed once after manufacture.
• Requires a special device called a programmer to write data.

• Allows for data to be erased and reprogrammed multiple times.
• Data erasure is done by exposing the memory to ultraviolet light.

• Can be erased and reprogrammed using electrical charge.
• Does not require special equipment or exposure to light for reprogramming.
• Widely used for BIOS chips in computers, enabling firmware updates without chip replacement.

Each type of ROM has specific applications, from static data storage to updatable firmware, providing flexibility and functionality across different technological needs.

Read-Only Memory is used in various applications where data needs to be permanently stored and not modified frequently. One of the primary uses of ROM is in the storage of firmware, the low-level software that initializes hardware components and provides the necessary instructions for a device to boot up. For instance, the BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) in computers is stored on a ROM chip, ensuring that critical boot and hardware configuration data remains intact even when the system is powered off. ROM is also employed in embedded systems, such as those in household appliances, automotive electronics, and medical devices, where stable and unchangeable software is essential for proper functioning. Additionally, ROM is used in gaming consoles to store game data, ensuring that the game's core data remains unaltered. The reliability and permanence of ROM make it an ideal choice for applications where consistency and longevity of stored data are crucial.